Another purpose of the study was to determine the type of forest management techniques applied to the trees growing in Bruszczewo site. The main goal of the study was to determine whether the presence of strong and abrupt reductions and releases of growth, observed within tree-ring sequences, is due to natural stand dynamics, results from the influence of extreme environmental factors or whether they should be linked to specific silvicultural practices already known in ancient times. This is the first such study conducted for Early Bronze Age timber originating from Poland. This made it possible to carry out dendrotypological analysis. The large amount of collected samples created a unique opportunity for research because the subfossil wood was in very good preservation state. The article presents a study of wood excavated from archaeological site in Poland (2100–1650 BC). Therefore, this work shows some phases of forest planning and management concepts and criteria over time and recalls some innovative and / or adaptive methods related to the approach to forest planning and management under climate change One of the characteristics of this discipline is to be featured by the absence of univocal methods and / or objectives to be pursued but to identify, verify, and adapt methods to the various climatic and forest types and conditions found in the field. Over time, more research and awareness of the im-portance of SFM under the pressure of climate change have led to the development of a clearer field that can be defined as ‘adaptive forest management’ - to climate change. Over time, the effects of climate change have been mainly considered in the context of the SFM they started from various and somewhat different scales and goals. At first glance, the con-cerns were mainly related to sustainable forest management (SFM) issues, which obviously needed attention. Although the first attempts to draw attention to this complex problem appeared almost half a century ago, the debate has been conceptual rather than experimental and applicative. The compelling effects of climate change on forests may have been underestimated in the past few decades in practical forestry. Also, direction from the refinery significantly (p 10000 m, and especially to the west of gas refineries. The highest values in seed germination and seedling emergence and growth occurred at distances furthest from the refineries. The results showed that oak seedlings grown from acorns collected at a distance of 10000 m had the highest values in various seed germination and seedling developmental measures and morphological traits such as leaf and root mass, number and length compared to other distances of 1000, 1500, 20 m from the gas refinery. This study aimed to investigate the effect of toxic pollutants emitted from a gas refinery operation on seed germination and morphological characteristics of seedlings from maternal trees that are located at different distances (1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, and 10000 m) and directions (east and west) from the facility. Ancient Persian oak trees (Quercus brantii Lindl.) in the semi-arid forests of the Zagros are exposed to various environmental stresses such as air pollution from the Ilam gas refinery, which causes many challenges in forest regeneration and afforestation, thus jeopardizing forest sustainability or restoration. The type of growth significantly influence soil properties through the whole elevation gradient and the old seed-origin type was the most favourable for soil fertility.Īir pollution from industrial areas is environmental stress on trees that can seriously endanger the future of forests. These results thus emphasize the role of patches of woody vegetation in creating ‘islands fertility’. We also found negative correlations between carbon sequestration and microbial biomass nitrogen and basal respiration in all types of growth. There was a significant influence of the type of growth: values of most of the biological and chemical properties were lower in the young coppice type than in the old coppice type and seed-origin trees. We found lower values in soil nutrients, carbon sequestration, soil moisture and microbial activities in the open area than beneath the vegetation cover at all elevations. Soil sampling was carried out at two soil depths (0-5 and 5-25cm) and three elevations (low, middle and high) in the three types of growth and in treeless area. This research addressed the effect of three oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) growth types (seed-origin trees, old and young coppice forms areas) on soil physio-chemical and biological properties along an elevation gradient. In semi-arid environments like Zagros (western Iran), soil properties are influenced by vegetation cover particularly tree species.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |